Rabia Mustafa A juvenile justice system may comply with the law on paper and remain incomprehensible to the child passing through it. A child may be arrested, told about an allegation, informed of the right to remain silent, given a lawyer, offered diversion, brought before…
Rabia Mustafa World Day Against Child Labour is observed on 12 June to raise awareness about one of the most persistent violations of children’s rights and to mobilize action towards its elimination. In 2002, the International Labour Organization (ILO) established this day to emphasize that…
Rabia Mustafa On June 4th, the world observes the International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression. The United Nations General Assembly established this day in 1982 to recognize and address the suffering endured by millions of children who become victims of war, violence, armed…
Rabia Mustafa 1. Commission of Offence ▼ 2. Police Receive Information / FIR (Cr.P.C. Sections 154–173 apply with JJSA safeguards) ▼ 3. Initial Determination of Age If accused appears below 18 ├─ Birth certificate, educational certificate or any other pertinent document └─ Medical examination if…
Sharafat Ali & Rabia Mustafa For nearly two decades, children accused of offences in Pakistan were processed under the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, 2000. The Ordinance marked an important beginning. It introduced the idea that children in conflict with the law required a separate legal…
Rabia Mustafa* and Sharafat A. Chaudhry** Before understanding the concept of ‘minimum age of criminal responsibility’, it is much needed to understand the concepts of crime, criminal, and criminal responsibility. What is a Crime? According to the Law Lexicon, ‘A crime is an act or omission…
Allah Bux Bhatti Child labour in Pakistan still remains an alarming issue. It is estimated that more than 3.3 million Pakistani children are engaged in child labour. Also, it is stated, ‘one in every four households in Pakistan employs a child in domestic work, predominantly…
Rabia Mustafa Sexual activity with a child by an adult, adolescent, or older child is known as child sexual abuse. Indecent exposure, child sexual exploitation (such as assaulting a child to create child pornography), and having sexual relations with a child are all examples of…
Rabia Mustafa In Pakistan, a large number of children are trafficked as child labour (mostly domestic labour) who are subjected to exploitation, physical and sexual abuse, incarceration, and separation from their parents while working as servants. Their reasons of labour could be the lack of…
Rabia Mustafa In the case Mst. ALISHBA BIBI v. the STATE and 7 others reported as (PLD 2020 Islamabad 28), the Islamabad High Court issued the following directions to the authorities concerned to curb the evil of child marriages from the society as well as…